Muga Silk – The Golden Fabric
Muga silk, produced by the Antheraea assamensis silkworm endemic to Assam, is celebrated for its natural golden hue and exceptional durability. The larvae feed on som (Machilus bombycina) and sualu (Litsea polyantha) leaves, resulting in a lustrous, fine-textured silk that enhances in sheen with each wash. Historically reserved for royalty, Muga silk holds a prestigious place in Assamese culture and has been granted Geographical Indication (GI) status since 2007 .Wikipedia+5Blibli.com+5Assam PCS Exam Notes+5Blibli.com+2Wikipedia+2Wikipedia+2Assam State Portal+3Wikipedia+3Wikipedia+3
Pat Silk – The Elegant Mulberry Silk
Derived from the Bombyx mori silkworm, Pat silk is known for its brilliant white or off-white color and smooth texture. The silkworms feed exclusively on mulberry leaves, producing a fabric that is both light and durable. Pat silk is commonly used in traditional Assamese attire, such as mekhela chadors, and is favored for its ability to be dyed in vibrant colors .Wikipedia+9Assam PCS Exam Notes+9Wikipedia+9Assam PCS Exam Notes+5PANKSH Blog+5Blibli.com+5
Eri Silk – The Ethical 'Ahimsa' Silk
Eri silk, also known as Endi or Ahimsa silk, is produced by the Samia ricini silkworm, which feeds on castor leaves. Unlike other silks, Eri is harvested after the moth emerges from the cocoon, making it a non-violent and eco-friendly option. The resulting fabric is soft, warm, and has a woolly texture, making it ideal for shawls and quilts. Eri silk is also biodegradable and sustainable, aligning with ethical fashion practices .Maps of India+6Wikipedia+6Blibli.com+6Blibli.com+1Wikipedia+1
Cultural Significance and Weaving Traditions
The weaving of Assam silk is deeply embedded in the state's cultural fabric, with the town of Sualkuchi, often referred to as the "Silk Heaven of India," serving as the epicenter of silk production. Here, skilled artisans employ traditional handlooms to create intricate designs, often inspired by nature and Assamese folklore, adorning garments like the mekhela chador .Maps of India+3Assam State Portal+3Wikipedia+3northeastbullet.com+6Wikipedia+6tacfftales.in+6
